What is Hydraulic Pump and How Does It Work

This article briefly introduces the types and working principles of a hydraulic component in construction machinery: hydraulic pump. As we all know, hydraulic components are widely used in construction machinery. These hydraulic components in the machinery constitute the basis of the hydraulic system of construction machinery. The construction machinery hydraulic system is composed of a hydraulic oil tank, hydraulic pump device, and hydraulic control device.

What is Hydraulic Pump?

The hydraulic system of construction machinery is to meet the transmission requirements of the construction machinery work device and various institutions. The diesel hydraulic pump is an indispensable core component of the hydraulic system in each construction machinery, the reasonable choice of the hydraulic pump is very important to reduce the energy consumption of the hydraulic system of construction machinery, improve the efficiency of construction machinery, reduce noise, improve the work performance and ensure the reliable work of construction machinery.

A hydraulic pump is the power parts of hydraulic system, which is driven by an engine or electric motor. The hydraulic pump draws oil from the hydraulic tank to form pressure oil to discharge and send to the execution element. Hydraulic pumps are divided into gear pumps, piston pumps, vane pumps, and screw pumps according to their structure.

How A Hydraulic Pump Works？

Working principle of hydraulic pump

The working principle of hydraulic pumps on construction machinery and equipment is basically the same. The hydraulic pump relies on the alternating change of the volume of the sealed working chamber to realize the oil suction and pressure, so it is called a volumetric hydraulic pump. The eccentric wheel constantly rotating, the hydraulic pump will continuously complete the suction, and the pressure oil action will continuously supply oil to the hydraulic system. We generally see (excavators, and loaders with) gear pumps and piston pumps. What they have in common: they both generate pressure on the liquid by changing the volume. Difference: different mechanism, different volume position. The hydraulic gear pump has the liquid volume between the two gears and changes the liquid volume by gear rotation. And the volume of the piston pump in each piston cylinder. Common medium and large excavators will generally piston pump and gear pump collection together, forming a hydraulic pump assembly, generally the main pump for the piston pump (output hydraulic oil pressure is larger) to the hydraulic travel motor, hydraulic rotary motor, hydraulic cylinder oil supply; pilot pump for the gear pump (output hydraulic oil pressure is smaller) to the distribution valve oil supply.

The hydraulic pump is equivalent to the heart of the construction machinery, playing the role of energy supply for other systems. How to choose the right hydraulic pump for construction machinery is crucial. Of course, not just a single efficiency improvement, with a lower cost to get the high performance is the first thing to consider.