Classification and Principle of Generators

Generators refer to mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines or other power machinery, and converts water flow, air flow, fuel combustion or nuclear fission into mechanical energy. generator, which is then converted into electrical energy by the generator.

Generators are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, science and technology and daily life. There are many forms of generators, but their working principles are based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is: use appropriate magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that conduct electromagnetic induction with each other to generate electromagnetic power and achieve the purpose of energy conversion.

The main structure

Generator parts are usually composed of stators, rotors, end covers and bearings.

The stator consists of stator core, wire wrap winding, frame and other structural parts that fix these parts.

The rotor is composed of rotor core (or magnetic pole, magnetic yoke) winding, guard ring, center ring, slip ring, fan and shaft.

The stator and rotor of the generator are connected and assembled by the bearing and the end cover, so that the rotor can rotate in the stator and perform the movement of cutting the magnetic field lines, thereby generating an induced potential, which is drawn out through the terminal and connected in the loop, and a current is generated.

Main classification

The classification of generators includes:

Generator points: DC generator and alternator;

Alternator points: synchronous generator and asynchronous generator (rarely used);

Alternators can also be divided into single-phase generators and three-phase generators.

There are many types of generators. In principle, it is divided into synchronous generator, asynchronous generator, single-phase generator and three-phase generator. In terms of production methods, it is divided into steam turbine generators, water turbine generators, diesel generators, gasoline generators, etc. In terms of energy, it is divided into thermal power generators, hydropower generators, etc.

Invention history

In 1832, the Frenchman Bixie invented the hand-cranked DC generator, the principle of which is to generate an induced electromotive force in the coil by rotating the permanent magnet to change the magnetic flux, and output this electromotive force in the form of DC voltage;

In 1866, Siemens of Germany invented the self-excited DC generator;

In 1870, Gram of Belgium made a ring armature and invented the ring armature generator. This generator uses water power to rotate the rotor of the generator. After repeated improvements, the output power of 3.2KW was obtained in 1875;

In 1882, Gordon in the United States produced a two-phase giant generator with an output power of 447KW, a height of 3 meters and a weight of 22 tons;

In 1896, Tesla's two-phase alternator started working at the Nyala Power Plant, and the 3750KW, 5000V alternating current was sent to Buffalo, 40 kilometers away.

Working principle

Diesel generators

The diesel engine drives the generator and converts the energy of the diesel into electricity.

In the cylinder of the diesel engine, the clean air filtered by the air filter and the high-pressure atomized diesel fuel injected by the fuel injector are fully mixed. Under the upward extrusion of the piston, the volume shrinks and the temperature rises rapidly, reaching the ignition point of the diesel. The diesel is ignited, the mixed gas burns violently, the volume expands rapidly, and the piston is pushed down, which is called "work".

Gasoline Generator

The gasoline engine drives the generator to convert the energy of gasoline into electricity.

In the gasoline engine cylinder, the mixed gas burns violently, and the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston down to do work.

Whether it is a diesel generator or a gasoline generator, each cylinder performs work in a certain order, and the thrust acting on the piston becomes the force that pushes the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate. By installing the brushless synchronous alternator coaxially with the crankshaft of the power machine, the rotor of the generator can be driven by the rotation of the power machine. Using the principle of 'electromagnetic induction', the generator will output an induced electromotive force, and a current can be generated through a closed load loop.

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