In engineering, solenoids are also referred to as transducers that convert energy into linear motion. A solenoid valve is a composite element, while a solenoid is an important part of an engine solenoid valve. A solenoid can be used to operate air-operated or hydraulic valves. A solenoid switch is a solenoid relay that uses a solenoid to operate an electrical switch. For example, an automobile's starter solenoid is a solenoid. Solenoids are often used to operate mechanical valves connected to iron rods by turning on or off electric current. Solenoids are used in most automobiles to operate high current switches that power the starter motor.

Solenoid Working Principle

Solenoids simply operate on the principle of "electromagnetism". When current flows through a coil, if a metal core is placed inside the coil the lines of flux will be concentrated on the core, this will increase the induction of the coil compared to an air core. All in all, solenoids work by creating an electromagnetic field around a movable magnetic core called electromagnetism. The motion of an armature when driven by an electromagnetic field opens or closes a valve or switch and converts electrical energy into mechanical motion and force. Although there are many brands of solenoids, but the working principle of them are typically the same. Take woodward solenoids as an example, when an electric current is introduced, a magnetic field is created that pulls the plunger in. The exposed end of the plunger can be attached to the device, and when the solenoid is activated, the plunger will move to open, close, turn on or off the device.

Common Solenoid Problems

There are many different types of solenoids, but problems commonly encountered with these components can be grouped into a few basic categories. Common electromagnetic problems include protruding plunger, attached valve holding in place, poor internal coiling sphere line and excessive noise during operation. Some of these problems are the result of internal solenoid problems while others are often caused by external components. The procedure for repairing solenoid problems is case-by-case, as sometimes a faulty unit can be repaired while others simply need to be replaced. Since solenoids rely on an inductive coil to work, many common solenoid problems revolve around this system. Damage to the internal windings will cause the solenoid to stop functioning properly, and the coil may melt, burn out, or simply short out. Similar problems can occur if the armature is bent or dirty, if excess heat or moisture is present, or if an incorrect voltage is applied to a unit.