An Overview of the Development of Excavators in China (1)

The production of excavators in China started relatively late. Since Fushun Excavator Factory produced the first mechanical single-bucket excavator with a bucket capacity of 1 m³ (cubic meter) in 1954, it has generally experienced surveying and mapping imitation, independent research and development, and development improvement. 

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's excavator production history began with surveying and mapping of mechanical single-bucket excavators such as W501, W502, W1001, and W1002 of the former Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s. Due to the needs of national economic construction at that time, more than ten excavator production plants have been established successively. Since 1967, China has independently developed hydraulic excavators. The products successfully developed in the early stage mainly include WY100 of Shanghai Construction Machinery Factory, W4-60 of Guiyang Mining Machinery Factory, and WY60 excavator of Hefei Mining Machinery Factory. Then appeared WYl60 of Changjiang Excavator Factory and WY250 of Hangzhou Heavy Machinery Factory. They have taken an extremely important step for the formation and development of China's hydraulic excavator industry, especially for the hydraulic parts in excavator.

By the end of the 1980s, there were more than 30 excavator factories in China, producing more than 40 models. A series of medium and small hydraulic excavators have been formed, with bucket capacities ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 cubic meters in 12 grades and more than 20 models. We also produce 0.5-4.0 cubic meters and 10 cubic meters and 12 cubic meters of mechanical transmission single buckets for large mines. Excavators, 1m3 tunnel excavators, 4m3 long arm excavators, 1000m3/h excavators, etc. We also developed marine hydraulic excavators with a bucket capacity of 0.25m3, a bucket capacity of 0.4m3, 0.6m cubic meters, 0.8 cubic meters of amphibious excavators, etc. But in general, the batches produced by Chinese excavators are small and scattered, and the production technology and product quality are far behind the international advanced level. One of the most important reasons is China do not have the powerful ability to manufacture high-standard engine spare parts.

Since the reform and opening up, it has actively introduced, digested and absorbed foreign advanced technology to promote the development of China's excavator industry. Among them, Guiyang Mining Machinery Factory, Shanghai Construction Machinery Factory, Hefei Mining Machinery Factory, and Changjiang Excavator Factory respectively introduced A912, R912, R942, A922, R922, R962, R972, R982 hydraulic excavators from Liebherr Company in Germany. machine manufacturing technology. A few years later, Hangzhou Heavy Machinery Factory introduced the production technology of H55 and H85 hydraulic excavators from Germany's Demag (Demag) company, and Beijing Construction Machinery Factory introduced RH6 and MH6 hydraulic excavators from Germany's O&K (0&K) company. Manufacturing Technology. At the same time, there are also Shandong Bulldozer General Factory (its excavator production base was renamed Shanxi Jian Machinery Co., Ltd., including two brands of STRONG and JCM), Yellow River Construction Machinery Factory, Jiangxi Changlin Machinery Factory, Shandong Linyi Construction Machinery Factory, etc. Jointly introduced the complete manufacturing technology of PC100, PC120, PC200, PC220, PC300, PC400 hydraulic excavators (except engines) from Komatsu, Japan. Through the digestion, absorption and transplantation of imported technologies for several years, the performance indicators of domestic hydraulic excavators have been comprehensively improved to the international level in the 1980s, and the output has also increased year by year. Due to the continuous increase and diversification of domestic demand for hydraulic excavators, the adjustment of the product structure of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises has affected some manufacturers in other machinery industries to join the hydraulic excavator industry, which also includes the manufacturer for any kinds of undercarriage parts.

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