Composition of The Hydraulic System

The role of the hydraulic system is to increase the force by changing the pressure. A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely power components, actuators, control components, auxiliary components (accessories), and hydraulic oil. Hydraulic systems can be divided into two categories: hydraulic transmission systems and hydraulic control systems. The main function of the hydraulic transmission system is to transmit power and motion. The hydraulic control system needs to make the output of the hydraulic system meet specific performance requirements (especially dynamic performance). The hydraulic system usually refers to the hydraulic transmission system.

Component

A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely power components, actuators, control components, auxiliary components (accessories), and hydraulic oil.

Power element

The function of the power element is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the liquid, which refers to the oil pump in the hydraulic system, which provides power to the entire hydraulic system. The structural forms of hydraulic pumps generally include gear pumps, vane pumps, plunger pumps, and screw pumps.

Operating units

The function of the actuators (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) is to convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy and drive the load to perform linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion.

Control element

Control elements (ie, various hydraulic valves) control and regulate the pressure, flow, and direction of liquids in hydraulic systems. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves, and directional control valves. The pressure control valve includes a relief valve (safety valve), pressure-reducing valve, sequence valve, pressure relay, etc.; flow control valve includes a throttle valve, regulating valve, diverter collecting valve, etc.; directional control valve includes a check valve, hydraulic control valve, etc. Check valve, shuttle valve, reversing valve, etc. According to different control methods, hydraulic valve can be divided into on-off control valves, fixed value control valves, and proportional control valves.

Auxiliary components

Auxiliary components include an oil tank, oil filter, cooler, heater, accumulator, oil pipe and pipe joint, sealing ring, quick-change joint, high-pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure measuring joint, pressure gauge, oil level gauge, oil Thermometer, etc.

Hydraulic oil

Hydraulic oil is the working medium that transmits energy in the hydraulic system. There are various types of mineral oils, emulsions, and synthetic hydraulic oils.

System structure

The hydraulic system consists of two parts: signal control and hydraulic power. The signal control part is used to drive the action of the control valve in the hydraulic power part.

The hydraulic power part is represented by a circuit diagram to show the relationship between different functional elements. The hydraulic source contains hydraulic pump, motors, and hydraulic auxiliary components; the hydraulic control part contains various control valves to control the flow, pressure, and direction of the working oil; the execution part contains hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, which can be selected according to actual requirements.

Crushing bed hydraulic system

When analyzing and designing actual tasks, block diagrams are generally used to display the actual operating conditions in the equipment. Open arrows represent signal flow, while solid arrows represent energy flow. The sequence of actions in the basic hydraulic circuit - the reversing and spring return of the control element (2/4 directional valve), the extension and retraction of the actuator (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), and the opening and closing of the relief valve. For actuators and control elements, the presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, which are also prepared for the introduction of circuit diagram symbols.

Depending on how the system works, you can number all the loops sequentially. If the first actuator number is 0, the control element identifier associated with it is 1. If the element identifier corresponding to the actuator extension is an even number, the element identifier corresponding to the actuator retraction is an odd number. Not only the hydraulic circuits should be numbered, but the actual equipment should also be numbered to detect system failures.

The DIN ISO1219-2 standard defines the number composition of components, which includes the following four parts: equipment number, circuit number, component identifier, and component number. If the entire system has only one device, the device number can be omitted.

In practice, another numbering method is to serially number all the components in the hydraulic system. In this case, the component number should be consistent with the number in the component list. This method is particularly suitable for complex hydraulic control systems, where each control loop corresponds to its system number.

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