Structure and Principle of Off-Road Forklift

Off-road forklifts are generally composed of four major parts: engine chassis, working devices and electrical equipment.

Gngine

An engine is a complex machine consisting of many mechanisms and systems. The engines used in internal combustion vehicles are divided into gasoline engines, diesel engines and liquid petroleum gas engines. Off-road forklifts use diesel engines as the "source" of power. It converts the heat energy generated by the fuel into mechanical power, drives the off-road forklift through the transmission system and driving system of the off-road forklift chassis, realizes the steering and braking of the off-road forklift through the steering system and braking system, and drives the working device through the hydraulic system. Complete the loading, unloading and handling of goods. An engine is a machine that directly converts some energy in nature into mechanical energy and drives some machinery to work. An engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is called a heat engine. The energy release and conversion process is a heat engine inside the cylinder block, called an internal combustion engine. Off-road forklift adopts LR4105G diesel engine

Chassis

(1) Transmission system

The transmission components between the power unit and the driving wheels are collectively referred to as the transmission system. It transmits the power output by the power unit to the driving wheel, so that the power output characteristics of the power unit can meet the requirements of the travel mechanism of the off-road forklift as much as possible.

The transmission system of the off-road forklift adopts a hydrostatic transmission structure. It is mainly composed of variable pump, variable motor, solenoid valve, oil radiator, rotary fine-tuning valve, one-way valve, oil suction filter, hydraulic oil tank and transmission, transmission shaft and drive axle, as shown in Figure 8-2. The variable displacement motor driven by the variable displacement pump drives the front and rear axles respectively through the clutch and transmission. The variable motor and the transmission are connected together with bolts, and the connection relationship is shown in Figure 8-3. The elastic plate is connected with the variable pump by bolts and splines.

(2) Driving system

The frame of Yuguang off-road forklift is an articulated frame. It is mainly composed of front frame, console, front fender, upper hinge shaft, slewing bearing, battery box, rear fender, rear counterweight, rear frame, intermediate connecting frame, lower hinge shaft, swing frame, etc.zero. The front frame and the middle connecting frame are connected together by the upper and lower hinge shafts, and can swing 40° left and right. Intermediate connecting frame and return.

The swivel bearing and the rear frame are connected together by bolts, and the front frame can be rotated 15 up and down. The swing frame is connected with the front frame through a pin shaft, and can swing up and down 15°. The front frame mainly bears the force of the working device and the front axle; the rear frame is mainly used to install the engine, variable pump, variable motor, transmission, fuel tank, engine radiator and other components; the intermediate connecting frame is mainly used to install the slewing bearing; the swing frame It is mainly used to install the front and rear frames, which are all plate-welded frame structures, with high strength and rigidity, and can adapt to various road surfaces and loads.

(3) Steering system

The off-road forklift adopts a full hydraulic load-sensing steering system, which can preferentially allocate flow to it according to the requirements of the steering oil circuit. Regardless of the load pressure and the speed of the steering wheel, it can ensure sufficient oil supply, so the steering action is stable and reliable. The output flow of the gear pump, in addition to allocating the necessary flow to the steering oil circuit to maintain normal operation: the remaining part can be fully supplied to the hydraulic system of the working device. It also eliminates the power factor caused by too much oil supply in the steering oil circuit, and improves the system efficiency. It is mainly composed of full hydraulic load sensing steering gear, priority valve, gear pump and steering cylinder. Construction and operation of a fully hydraulic load sensing steering gear and priority valve

(4) Braking system

The function of the braking system The braking system of the off-road forklift is used for slowing down or stopping when driving, and parking for a long time on flat ground or slopes. It is divided into two parts, one part is the service brake and the other part is the parking brake. The service brake is used for frequent speed control and parking in general driving, also called foot brake. The parking brake is used for braking after parking, or emergency braking when the service brake fails, also called hand braking.

working equipment

Off-road forklift working devices include gantry system and hydraulic system.

Gantry system

The gantry system consists of inner and outer gantry and sliding frame, fork frame, fork, rack, chain assembly, lifting cylinder, pulley block, etc.

The inner door frame is set inside the outer door frame. On the outer side of the lower end of the inner gantry, a roller is installed on the left and right, and the roller is sleeved in the channel steel slideway of the outer gantry. When working, the rollers roll up and down in the slideway together with the inner gantry. On the outside of the inner gantry, there is a top-to-bottom sliding rail on the left and right. The sliding rail is embedded between the combined roller and the flange on the inner side of the upper end of the outer gantry, and slides up and down during operation. Relying on the inner rollers and slide rails of the inner gantry, the swing of the inner gantry in the front and rear directions in the outer gantry can be limited. The outer edge of the small roller of the combined roller in the outer gantry rolls in contact with the outer side of the inner gantry web, which can limit the left and right shaking of the inner gantry in the outer gantry. There is a set of rollers on the left and right sides of the carriage, and the rollers are set in the channel steel of the inner gantry. One end of the chain is connected to the carriage, and the carriage rises under the pulling force of the chain and descends by its own weight. The fork frame is installed on the sliding frame, the fork is installed on the fork frame, and the installation form is the cooperation of the sliding track and the sliding rail. The side shifting oil cylinder is fastened on the carriage with bolts, and its left and right cylinder rod heads are on the fork frame. Under the action of the side shifting cylinder, the fork frame and the fork can move left and right.

The lower end of the hoisting oil cylinder is installed on the outer mast, and the cylinder rod head of the upper end is connected with the inner mast. The pulley block is installed on the inner mast, one end of the chain is connected to the outer mast, the slide bar goes around the sprocket block, and the other end is connected to the slide frame. This forms a movable pulley block. When the hoisting cylinder is lifted, the inner mast and the pulley block are lifted together, and the force is transmitted to the carriage through the pulley block and chain, so that the carriage, the fork frame and the fork are lifted together. The inner mast, sliding frame, fork frame and fork are lowered by their own weight. (2) Hydraulic system

Off-road Wenjun wave pressure system (Fig. 821) is composed of hydraulic control box of working mechanism, curved wheel vegetable, multi-channel teaching direction wind, material country and product, and low pressure pipeline.

It is fixed on the sliding frame, and the left and right ends of the cylinder rod are respectively supported on the blocks welded on the fork frame. The big silver book and the long egg travel in the same class with the strong fruit to the heart of the west

The hydraulic system

The hydraulic system pipeline consists of high pressure pipeline and low pressure pipeline. The oil supply pipeline from the oil outlet of the gear pump to the oil inlet of the working cylinder is a high-pressure pipeline. The oil suction line from the oil outlet of the hydraulic oil tank to the oil suction port of the gear pump and the oil return line from the oil return port of the multi-way valve to the oil return port of the hydraulic oil tank are low pressure lines.

Electrical Equipment

The off-road forklift electrical equipment (Figure 8-22) consists of a power supply system, electrical devices and electrical control and protection devices. The power supply system includes batteries, generators, regulators and power supply system working condition indication (charging indication) devices, etc.; electrical devices include starting devices, instruments and signaling devices, lighting devices, etc.; electrical control and protection devices refer to various control switches , relays, fuses and electrical circuits, etc.

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