The Function and Structure of Forklift Differential

①The function of the differential

When the forklift is driving, it is often necessary to make the left and right driving wheels rotate at different angular velocities. For example, when the forklift is driving in a curve, the left and right wheels must rotate at different angular velocities; when the left and right wheels are caused by different tire pressures or loads. When the actual working radius of the left and right wheels is different, it is necessary to make the driving wheels on both sides slide unequally.

Therefore, the left and right driving wheels are installed on the left and right half-shafts respectively, and the middle is connected by a differential. The function of the differential is to connect the rotation and torque from the prime mover are respectively transmitted to the two half crankshaft, so that the left and right drive wheels may rotate at different angular speeds and turn to achieve a motion close to pure rolling with respect to the road surface.

②The structure of the differential

Differentials are constructed in the form of a bevel gear differential and a spur gear differential, but the latter is rarely used.

The bevel gear differential consists of four planetary gears, two side gears, two cross shafts and the differential half shell and other main parts. The left and right half shells of the differential sandwich the cross shaft in the middle, and then fasten them into a whole with bolts, and the power is transmitted from the final reducer to the differential case and the cross shaft. The back of the planetary gearbox is made spherical to ensure better centering of the planetary gear and correct meshing with the two side gears. When transmitting torque, a large axial force acts along the axis of the planetary gear and the side gear.

There is a frictional resistance torque on the back of the wheel. In order to reduce friction, a flat soft copper overhaul gasket kit is placed between the side gear and the differential case; Between the planetary gear and the differential case, there is a spherical soft copper gasket. In order to ensure a good relationship between the planetary gear and the cross shaft. For good lubrication, a plane is milled on the cross shaft, and small holes are drilled between the teeth of the planetary gear for the circulation of lubricating oil. There are also window holes on the differential housing to ensure that the lubricating oil in the final reducer housing can smoothly enter and exit the differential.