Working Principle of Air Conditioning System
What is an Air Conditioning?
The air conditioning system is mainly used to adjust the temperature and humidity inside the vehicle and is an indispensable part of heavy equipment. The air conditioner creates a comfortable working environment for the operator.
The air conditioning system is composed of a refrigeration system, a heating system, and a ventilation system. The function of the refrigeration system is to reduce the temperature inside the vehicle when the ambient temperature outside the heavy equipment is high so that the operator feels cool.
The heating system heats the air inside the vehicle to achieve the purpose of heating and dehumidification.
The function of the ventilation system is to ensure indoor ventilation when the heavy equipment is driving and to continuously rush fresh air into the cab. The main components of the air conditioner include a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, and an expansion valve. Through the interaction of these components, the air conditioner achieves the regulation of the temperature and humidity of the air inside the vehicle.
Working Principle of Air Conditioning System
The working principle of air conditioning system is the refrigeration cycle, which uses the mutual change of refrigerant between gas and liquid to absorb and release heat. The refrigeration cycle of air conditioning can be summarized by the following five processes.
1. Compression
The air conditioning compressor is responsible for compressing the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The compression process is the beginning of the refrigeration cycle. The air conditioning compressor is driven by an electric motor to compress the refrigerant to a high-temperature, high-pressure state, which is conducive to transferring heat to the outside world.
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2. Condensation
The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser. In the condenser, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the outside air, releases heat, gradually cools, and condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The condenser is usually installed next to the engine radiator, and the fan accelerates the airflow to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant.
3. Expansion
The liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator through the expansion valve. The function of the expansion valve is to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant and turn it into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant. Due to the sudden pressure drop, the temperature of the refrigerant also decreases, preparing to absorb the heat in the car.
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4. Evaporation
The low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant enter the evaporator. In the evaporator, the refrigerant evaporates into gas by absorbing the heat of the air in the vehicle. This process reduces the temperature of the air in the vehicle, achieving the cooling effect.
5. Cycle
The evaporated low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is sucked into the compressor again, starting a new round of refrigeration cycle. The whole process is circulated continuously, thus continuously providing cold or hot air for heavy equipment vehicles.
How often should A/C System Check?
The air conditioning system should be inspected and cleaned 1-2 times a year, preferably before the peak season. Regular inspection and cleaning of the air conditioning system is very important and can extend the service life of the air conditioner.
1. Check the Filter
The air conditioning filter is prone to accumulate dust and dirt. Users should remove and clean or replace the filter element regularly. Replacing the air conditioning filter is the simplest way, which is low-cost and can keep the air intake smooth.
2. Check the Condenser and Evaporator
The most common faults of the condenser and evaporator are dirt blockage and leakage. Dirt blockage can be repeatedly blown with nitrogen or dried compressed air until it is clean and unobstructed. The condenser and evaporator must be cleaned of external dirt frequently. Be careful not to damage the heat transfer fins to ensure their heat transfer performance.
3. Check the Expansion Valve
The expansion valve is mainly checked for normal adjustment pressure. When the air conditioning system is filled with a standard amount of refrigerant, the engine is idling, and the low pressure should be between 0.15-0.25MPa. Otherwise, it means that the expansion valve is not adjusted normally, and the opening is too large or too small.
Symptoms of A/C Compressor Failure
1. Leakage of Air-Conditioning Compressor Shaft Seal
.The most prone part of the air-conditioning compressor is the shaft seal. Since air-conditioning compressors often rotate at high speeds and have high operating temperatures, the shaft seal is prone to leakage. When there are oil stains on the clutch coil and suction cup of the compressor, it means that the shaft seal must be leaking.
2. Reduced Compression Efficiency of Air-Conditioning Compressor
Without disassembling the air-conditioning system, the user needs to connect a three-way pressure gauge group for testing. When there is a certain amount of refrigerant in the system, the engine accelerates. At this time, the low-pressure gauge pointer should drop significantly, and the high-pressure pressure will also increase significantly. The greater the throttle, the greater the drop in the pointer, indicating that the performance of the compressor is good. If the low-pressure gauge pointer drops slowly during acceleration, it means that the compression efficiency of the compressor is low.
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The main reasons for the damage of air-conditioning compressors are:
1. The air-conditioning system is not cleaned frequently, and particulate impurities are sucked into the compressor.
2. Excessive refrigerant in the air-conditioning system causes damage to the compressor.
3. The operating temperature of the air-conditioning compressor is too high or the operating time is too long.
4. The electromagnetic clutch of the compressor slips and the friction temperature is too high.
5. The power configuration of the compressor is too small.
In summary, the normal operation of the air conditioning system is inseparable from the coordinated work of various components. Regular inspection and maintenance of the air conditioning system is the key to efficient operation. At the same time, understanding the common fault symptoms of the air conditioning compressor can help users to find and solve problems in time. Through reasonable maintenance and use of air conditioning, users can be provided with a comfortable working environment.