The Function And Working Principle Of The Starting System

To make the engine transition from a static state to a working state, the crankshaft of the engine must be rotated by external force to make the piston reciprocate. The engine can run on its own and the work cycle can proceed automatically. Therefore, the whole process from when the crankshaft starts to rotate under the action of external force to when the engine starts to idle automatically, is called starting of the engine. The device required to complete the starting process is called the starting system of the engine.

What Is The Purpose Of Starting System?

The starting system converts the electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy. To achieve this conversion, a starter must be used. The function of the starter is to generate power from the DC motor and to drive the crankshaft of the engine to rotate through each mechanism, thereby realizing the starting of the engine. The starting system includes the following components: battery, ignition switch (starting switch), starter assembly, starter relay, etc.
Starting system composition: The automobile starting system mainly comprises a battery, ignition switch, starter, relay or electromagnetic switch, and starter meshing transmission mechanism.

The Function Of Starting System

The working principle of the starting system is that the battery provides electrical energy. Under the control of the ignition switch and the starting relay, the starter converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, which drives the engine flywheel housing and crankshaft to rotate, so that the engine enters a self-running state. The working process of the starting system has the following contents:
(1) Use the key to turn the ignition switch to the ON gear (the previous gear before starting), the meter will be powered on, and it will enter the ready-to-start state after a few seconds.
(2) Turn on the SRART gear of the ignition switch, and connect the battery and the circuit of the starting system.
(3) The starter relay is energized, here the relay has two functions, one is to connect the circuit between the starter and the battery, and the other is to control the shifting of the fork to make the drive gear of the starter mesh with the engine flywheel.
(4) After the starter is powered on, the main shaft rotates under the action of electromagnetism.
(5) The drive gear on the main shaft of the starter rotates, which drives the engine flywheel and crankshaft to rotate. To increase the torque here, the transmission ratio of the starter gear and the engine flywheel is generally 13:17 (the diesel engine is generally 8:10), which makes the engine start easier.
(6) Under normal conditions, after a short start, the engine can enter the automatic running state.
(7) When the engine enters the automatic operation state, it will start, and at the same time, under the action of the one-way clutch, the drive gear of the starter motor will automatically disengage with the engine.
(8) So far, a normal start has been completed. But now the general starting system also has a safety protection circuit, which is to ensure that when the engine is running, the starter will not start due to commiseration. This is usually done by monitoring the operation of the engine to control whether the starter can be turned on.

In conclusion, the starting system function plays a key role in initiating the combustion process and transitioning from a static state to a fully operational state. The starting system converts the battery's electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the starter assembly drives the engine's crankshaft to rotate, thereby promoting the self-running state necessary for combustion. The starting system consists of components such as the battery, ignition switch, starter assembly, and relay, coordinating a series of actions to ultimately achieve the automatic operation of the engine.